Home Procedural Flaws Testimony
Testimony

Perhaps the single most troubling part of the Goldstone Report, a flaw that permeates and vitiates its every discussion, is the issue of testimony: under what circumstances the testimony was heard, how the witnesses were located and came before the tribunal, what role intimidation played in suppressing evidence, how the judges probed the testimony for honesty, which witnesses the judges chose to hear, and which it chose to exclude. As one editorialist put it:

The most basic problem with the Goldstone Report has nothing to do with the intentions of Mr. Goldstone nor of the UN. The problem is that it is difficult to solicit truthful testimony from people who live in a radically unfree state. How do you conduct interviews in Gaza with any expectation that you will be told the truth? Hamas has its spies everywhere and it denies the existence of the category "non-combatant." The poor people in Gaza know that they cannot criticize their political leaders to anyone, let alone to a nattily dressed Westerner.

Goldstone responded to accusations that he failed to factor in Hamas intimidation, by denying any such possibility:

'Hamas didn't follow us... You know, this allegation keeps being made," Goldstone said... "It is absolutely without any truth at all." Israel's Foreign Ministry had claimed that "at every stage of their visit to Gaza the Mission members were accompanied by Hamas representatives," citing unspecified Palestinian media reports. "If so, this was clearly a major obstacle to obtaining genuine evidence." However Goldstone insisted that "Hamas didn't follow us at all," much less "at every stage" of the visit. "They were nowhere near any of the interviews we held, and there was just no question; there was no issue."
He added, "
Had they attempted in any way to do that, I would have found that objectionable and I would not have accepted it - but it just didn't happen."

This section explores these issues from a general perspective; for specific examples of flaws in testimonial procedures, see Case Studies.



Elder of Ziyon, Goldstone Then and Now, 15/10/09 Print E-mail

Elder of Ziyon briefly reviews the question of possible Hamas intimidation of witnesses who presented to the GFFM. Goldstone's response to these questions raises further doubts: Does he really think that only physical presence constitutes intimidation? Would not every witness know that whatever they said would be known to Hamas?


Thursday, October 15, 2009

Goldstone then and now


From Ma'an, June 9:

There were also problems in collecting information in Gaza, [Goldstone] said, explaining that Hamas-allied security forces accompanied his 15-member team during their five-day working visit to Gaza last week, potentially inhibiting the ability of witnesses to speak freely, according to AP.
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Trevor Norwitz, On Selection of Incidents to Investigate, from Open Letter Print E-mail

From Trevor Norwitz's Open Letter, a discussion of the selection process of incidents to investigate which systematically sought out incidents that featured almost exclusively cases of Israeli aggressors and Palestinian victims.


Your Selection of Incidents to Investigate

 

A closely related point is your Mission’s selection of which matters to investigate and which to ignore. Your Mission investigated 36 incidents in Gaza and stated that it “considers that the report is illustrative of the main patterns of violations.” (17) Since virtually all of these incidents were cases involving Israeli actions and Palestinian casualties or damage, it is clear that the “pattern of violations” that interested you most were those where Israel could be condemned.

 

As discussed above, the efforts you made to find the relevant facts underlying the operation left much to be desired. Very little effort was made to investigate the behavior of Hamas and the other “Palestinian armed groups”: did they direct attacks at civilian targets? Did they use civilians as human shields? Did they hide weapons in civilian buildings like mosques, schools and hospitals? You do not even raise as a possibility the question of whether Hamas and the other “Palestinian armed groups” intentionally drew fire towards civilian objects to score public relations victories (I do not believe in their wildest dreams they ever expected the PR and strategic windfall that you have awarded them), although this appears to be a central element of their moqawamma (“resistance”) strategy. I understand that seeking those facts was difficult – the people you were talking to would not talk about that (because of both bias and intimidation) and the people who would talk about it (the Israelis) refused to talk to you – but that should not relieve honest fact-finders of their obligation to try find the facts. Reviews by others of the video [p. 7] clips of interviews with Palestinian witnesses posted on your website suggest that you did not even press witnesses for answers to these questions19. Instead you simply relied on the absence of countervailing evidence to validate the “facts” reported to you by those biased and intimidated witnesses.

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Trevor Norwitz, On Evidence and Testimony, Open Letter to Judge Goldstone, 19/10/09 Print E-mail

The segment of Trevor Norwitz's open letter to Goldstone dealing with its flaws where testimony is concerned.

 

Your Procedurally Flawed Investigation

 

In my earlier letter to you, I made three points:

(i)             I implored you not to hold the Israeli  government’s refusal to cooperate with your investigation against Israel or allow that to be a source of injustice,

(ii)           I begged you to try to find out the relevant facts regarding the activities and actions of Hamas and other terrorist groups operating in Gaza and Israel’s efforts to avoid civilian casualties, notwithstanding the refusal of the Israeli government to assist you, and

(iii)          I urged you to put your findings in their proper context. You said you would take these things into account but unfortunately I now see my worst fears realized.

 

Passing judgment based on one-sided (and tainted) evidence. Your Mission took Israel’s refusal to cooperate as an invitation (or perhaps as an excuse) to allow the scales of justice to weigh with only one pan being filled. Time and time again, you made findings of fact based solely on evidence provided by the Palestinian side of the conflict (even though your Report expressly acknowledges that the testimony you received from witnesses in Gaza was tainted by duress (8), not to mention obvious, if understandable, bias). Almost every one of your “findings of fact”was arrived at using the formula: the direct evidence the Mission collected said X; no evidence to the contrary has been provided; therefore “onthe information available to it9, the Mission finds”X.

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Endre Mozes, MEMORANDUM To the President of The UNHRC, 28/9/09 Print E-mail

Endre Mozes of Take-a-Pen writes to the UNHRC asking them to reject the Goldstone Report on the basis of their disregard for critical testimony about Hamas war crimes, contained in two memoranda he had submitted to the Goldstone Mission in June and July of 2009.  The first memorandum is reproduced in an appendix, the second is linked.


MEMORANDUM To the President of The United Nations Human Rights Council

To the  President, Ambassador Martin Ihoeghian Uhomoibhi

and Members of The United Nations Human Rights Council

Re: The  Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict

From: Endre Mozes September 28, 2009

This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

http://www.takeapen.org/

(personal contact data down below)

Honorable Mr. President and Members of the Council,

On behalf of the Take-A-Pen international volunteer network I am respectfully submitting the following crucial information and constructive comments to your esteemed Council for due consideration. We hope and believe that this information will contribute to better evaluating the Report of the UN Goldstone Fact-finding Mission, and to more appropriate corrections and completions where they are absolutely necessary in order to arrive at the right conclusions.

OVERVIEW:

Essentially, in the following we'll briefly describe, partly attach and fully link to the two major Submissions that Take-A-Pen sent to the Mission and to Justice Richard Goldstone himself.  We received their acknowledgement of receipt. However, from some reason unknown to us the Mission's Report as published on September 15 does not discuss, quote or use in any way our Submissions; not one single word, fact, photo or idea of our 8,000 word strong two Submissions. We do believe that appropriate use now of the hard evidence and analyses we provided to the Mission will significantly improve the Report, as we believe that the present omission of the evidence and our analyses makes the Report severely deficient and makes its conclusions improper and sometimes even adverse.

 

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Jankelowitz, Goldstone: ‘If This Was a Court Of Law... Nothing Proven.’ Forward, 16/10/09 Print E-mail

Goldstone admits that "“We had to do the best we could with the material we had. If this was [sic] a court of law, there would have been nothing proven.”  (The [sic] refers to the fact that since it was not a court of law, the verb should be in the subjunctive contrary to fact.)  As the author of the article notes, this admission does not seem to have played a role in the nature or conviction of the conclusions:

Nevertheless, the report itself is replete with bold and declarative legal conclusions seemingly at odds with the cautious and conditional explanations of its author. The report repeatedly refers, without qualification, to specific violations of the Fourth Geneva Convention committed by Israel and other breaches of international law. Citing particular cases, the report determines unequivocally that Israel “violated the prohibition under customary international law” against targeting civilians. These violations, it declares, “constitute a grave breach” of the convention.

It is this rush to judgment based on what critics believe to be unsubstantiated allegations that has angered some who have delved into the details.

 

 

Goldstone: ‘If This Was a Court Of Law, There Would Have Been Nothing Proven.’

ARIEL JANKELOWITZ
At Odds: Richard Goldstone, in his New York office, says his report on Gaza presents only tentative find- ings. But the document makes bold allegations that haven’t been scrutinized.

By Gal Beckerman

Published October 07, 2009, issue of October 16, 2009.

 

The incident detailed in paragraphs 713 through 716 of the Goldstone Report, if accurate, was a moment of indiscriminate terror.

A hundred members of the extended al-Samouni family are gathered together in one house, ordered there by Israeli soldiers patrolling their Gaza neighborhood of Zeytoun as part of Operation Cast Lead. Five men step out of the house to collect firewood. Suddenly, out of nowhere, a missile strikes them, fired, possibly, from an Apache helicopter. Two or three more missiles follow, this time aimed directly at the house. In all, 21 family members are killed, among them many women and small children. When the surviving al-Samounis attempt to leave and make their way to Gaza City, they are told by an Israeli soldier to return to the house, to “go back to death.”

 

A few pages later, in paragraphs 822 through 826, there’s another scene of seemingly unprovoked violence. In a mosque on the outskirts of Jabilyah, somewhere between 200 and 300 men and women are gathered for the evening prayer. An explosion rips the front door off its hinges and flings it all the way across the room. A missile has struck the mosque’s entrance, killing 15 people, some kneeling mid-prayer. A boy sitting by the door has his leg blown off.

 

The details are hard to turn away from, but they have, in fact, been largely ignored. Instead, the heated conversation about the Goldstone Report, the United Nations fact-finding mission led by Richard Goldstone, an internationally respected jurist and a South African Jew, has revolved mostly around political questions — charges of imbalance, lack of context and a history of anti-Israel bias on the part of the U.N. Human Rights Council, which gave Goldstone his charge.

 

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Why We Won't Listen To Goldstone Print E-mail

From Israel Matzav

 

Thursday, October 01, 2009

Why we won't listen to Goldstone

Writing in YNet on Wednesday, Tel Aviv University professor Aeyal Gross urges Israelis to listen to the Goldstone Commission report, claiming - despite all evidence to the contrary - that it looked into the conduct of both sides in the Gaza conflict.

The report was drafted by a distinguished group of experts that are not nti-Semitic or anti-Israeli. Goldstone made a name for himself not only as a prosecutor on behalf of the special courts for Yugoslavia and Rwanda, but also as a courageous South African judge, especially when he looked into the roots of political violence towards the end of the apartheid regime and exposed the complicity of security forces.

 

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Maurice Ostroff, Lack of Freedom to Investigate in Gaza, 2nd Thoughts, 27/9/09 Print E-mail

The following is an excerpt from a Memorandum submitted by Maurice Ostroff to the UNHRC on the Goldstone Report.  It discusses the issue of how little freedom to speak exists in Gaza, thus leaving the Goldstone Mission with the double problem of not being able to get access to dissenting voices (who might criticize Hamas), and having the witnesses they do hear concerned that their testimony not "get them in trouble."


3. Lack of freedom to investigate in Gaza
Although Judge Goldstone praised the Hamas administration in Gaza for its cooperation, as contrasted with Israel's refusal to cooperate, the Palestinian Ma'an news agency reported on June 2, that while the Mission's mandate called for investigating violations by all parties, including Palestinian fighters and the Hamas-led government, it was unclear if authorities in Gaza would cooperate with that aspect of the inquiry. See
http://www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=38258.


On June 9, Ma'an reported that the Mission was experiencing difficulties in collecting information because Hamas-allied security forces accompanied the 15-member team, potentially inhibiting the ability of witnesses to speak freely, a factor that obviously needs to be taken into account in assessing the credibility of testimony received.

In view of the above circumstances and the widely reported violent retribution inflicted by Hamas on dissidents, (including being thrown from tall buildings),
the lack of testimony about storage of weapons in houses, mosques and schools cannot be accepted as evidence that this did not occur on a wide scale.

 
Goldstone Testimonies Revealed Print E-mail

Jonathan Weber, publishing at YNet (English version of Yediot Aharonot) goes over some of the testimonies.  He does not even raise the possibility that some of this testimony is unreliable: "All testimonies where deemed credible by the United Nations-appointed inquiry team, and were compatible with other reports received."

 

Goldstone testimonies revealed

Jonathan Weber

 

Eight months after Operation Cast Lead in Gaza, controversial UN report accuses Israel of committing war crimes, enraging many officials in Jerusalem. Now, Ynet reveals number of Palestinian testimonies detailed in report

 

An in-depth look into the Goldstone Report probing the events of Operation Cast Lead in Gaza reveals the official first-hand testimonies from the days of the war. The testimonies were given by family members who lost their loved ones and eyewitnesses to the fighting, and they shed some personal light on what happened in Gaza.

 

All testimonies where deemed credible by the United Nations-appointed inquiry team, and were compatible with other reports received. Here are just some of the testimonies:

 

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Goldstone Report inaccuracies, part 16 (Islam Shahwan), Elder of Ziyon, 28/9/09 Print E-mail

This is a discussion of a witness taken at face value by the Goldstone Report. Islam Shawahn, the spokesperson for the Palestinian Police, made contradicting statements, and outrageous claims in his testimony which were included in the report. From Elder of Zion.


Monday, September 28, 2009

Goldstone Report inaccuracies, part 16

 

The Goldstone Report includes these pieces of information:

397. While it appears that all the policemen killed in this location were taking part in a training course, there is conflicting information on the details. Most reports by NGOs are to the effect that these were police “cadets” in the midst of a graduation ceremony. The Gaza police spokesperson, however, told the Mission that they were serving policemen, who had been taking a three-week course and who were, at the time of the strike, doing “morning sport exercise”.255

 

400. A second police training course targeted was reportedly attended by around 50

policemen. Twenty-eight of them were killed in the strike. According to the police spokesperson, the training course was designed to instruct police officers on how to deal with police officers who abused their power as well as on cultural and economic issues relevant to police work.258

 

 

414. On 1 January 2009, during the Israeli military operations in Gaza, the police spokesperson, Mr. Islam Shahwan, informed the media that the police commanders had managed to hold three meetings at secret locations since the beginning of the armed operations. He added that “an action plan has been put forward, and we have conducted an assessment of the situation and a general alert has been declared by the police and among the security forces in case of any emergency or a ground invasion. Police officers received clear orders from the leadership to face the enemy, if the Gaza Strip were to be invaded.”278 Confirming to the Mission that he had been correctly quoted, Mr. Shahwan stated that the instructions given at that meeting were to the effect that in the event of a ground invasion, and particularly if the Israeli armed forces were to enter urban settlements in Gaza, the police was to continue its work of ensuring that basic food stuffs reached the population, of directing the population to safe places, and of upholding public order in the face of the invasion. Mr. Shahwan further stated that not a single policeman had been killed in combat during the armed operations, proving that the instructions had been strictly obeyed by the policemen.

 

All three paragraphs have something in common - they all rely on the testimony of Gaza police spokesman Islam Shahwan. There is no indication of any skepticism in Shahwan's testimony to the Goldstone Commission.

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British Colonel Declares "The IDF Did More to Safeguard Civilians Than Any Other Army" Print E-mail

 

One of the more striking examples of testimony not heard, was that of Colonel Richard Kemp.  His open admiration for the IDF, and his argument -- most difficult to refute -- that Israel has done more than any army to protect the enemy's civilians in war, may have something to do with his exclusion.  Goldstone's comment to Ami Isserof was more technical: 

I would also mention that there was no reliance on Col. Kemp mainly because in our Report we did not deal with the issues he raised regarding the problems of conducting military operations in civilian areas and second-guessing decisions made by soldiers and their commanding officers "in the fog of war". We avoided having to do so in the incidents we decided to investigate.

Of course, the Report did "second-guess" the decisions of the commanders.


Col. Richard Kemp, Former Commander British Forces in Afghanistan, spoke at the conference, Hamas, the Gaza War, and Accountability under International Law. hosted by the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Col. Kemp reviewed the difficulties of any kind of warfare, but emphasized the challenges faced by Israel when fighting a terrorist organization that purposefully rejects and defies international law.

Click here to view the full videos from the conference. Summaries of the presentations are available here.

Read the full transcript of Col. Kemp's presentation below:


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UN Watch, U.N. Face Off: Goldstone Accused by Israeli Rocket Victim, 29/9/09 Print E-mail

One of the more striking examples of a witness whose testimony made clear the enduring threat posed by Hamas rockets was Dr. Mirela Siderer, whose clinic in Ashkelon was struck by a rocket in May of 2008, and who survived permanently disfigured. The Goldstone Report's systematic focus on the Israeli (counter-)attack and the Gazan victims apparently made attention to Israeli victims of Hamas rocket attacks unwelcome. As Siderer notes, the entire 570-page account gives two pages to Israeli victims like herself.  Goldstone's response included below.

 

U.N. Face Off: Goldstone Accused by Israeli Rocket Victim

Written by UNwatch.org   

Tuesday, 29 September 2009 19:34

 

"Why Didn't You Tell Me U.N. Council Declared Israel Guilty From the Start? Why Did You Humiliate Me?"


Geneva, September 29, 2009 - The U.N. Human Rights Council plenary witnessed a dramatic face-off today when the head of its controversial "fact-finding" mission on Gaza -- in which Israel was declared guilty from the start -- was unexpectedly confronted by one of his own witnesses.

 

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UN Watch, U.N. Face Off: Goldstone Accused by Israeli Rocket Victim, 29/9/09 Print E-mail

U.N. Face Off: Goldstone Accused by Israeli Rocket Victim

 

"Why Didn't You Tell Me U.N. Council Declared Israel Guilty From the Start? Why Did You Humiliate Me?"

 

Geneva, September 29, 2009 - The U.N. Human Rights Council plenary witnessed a dramatic face-off today when the head of its controversial "fact-finding" mission on Gaza -- in which Israel was declared guilty from the start -- was unexpectedly confronted by one of his own witnesses.

 

Read more...
 
Maurice Ostroff, Rejection and Omission of Credible Evidence, 2nd Thoughts, 27/9/09 Print E-mail

The following is a portion of a larger Memorandum to the UNHRC re: The Goldstone Report

This section addresses the

  • rejection and omission of credible and relevant evidence
  • intimidation of Palestinian witnesses, and 
  • refusal to consider evidence of Arab media dehumanizing Israelis and inciting violence against them.


Read more...
 


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